Can VMCG be lower than V1?

VMCG, or Minimum Control Speed on the Ground, is the minimum speed at which a pilot can lose an engine and still maintain control of the aircraft. V1, on the other hand, is the decision speed during takeoff; it is the point at which a pilot must either continue the takeoff in the event of an engine failure or abort the takeoff.

The statement that VMCG can be lower than V1 is true in specific conditions, particularly in wet conditions. Wet runways affect the friction available between the aircraft's tires and the runway surface, which can impact the control of the aircraft. If the runway is wet, the aircraft may require a lower speed to maintain control with an engine inoperative, potentially resulting in VMCG being lower than V1. This situation can arise because the pilot might have less control authority and require a lower speed to maintain directional control when one engine fails.

The options that suggest "no" or "under all conditions" do not take into account the variables that affect aircraft control, such as runway surface condition or aircraft configuration. Moreover, saying that it can only occur during takeoff neglects the broader implications of speed performance during various phases of operation. Thus, the understanding that VMC