What is the main purpose of flaps on an aircraft?

The main purpose of flaps on an aircraft is to increase lift and drag during takeoff and landing. Flaps are movable surfaces on the wings that, when deployed, alter the wing's shape and surface area. This modification allows the wings to generate more lift at lower speeds, which is essential during the critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing when the aircraft operates at slower velocities.

Additionally, by increasing drag, flaps slow the aircraft down, enabling it to descend more steeply without gaining too much speed. This characteristic is particularly useful during landing approaches, allowing pilots to maintain control and achieve proper touchdown speeds while reducing the required distance for landing. In essence, flaps are designed to enhance aerodynamic efficiency at lower speeds, providing vital performance advantages during these critical flight phases.