What is the primary function of swept wings in aircraft design?

The primary function of swept wings in aircraft design is to increase the critical Mach number (MCRIT), which is the speed at which airflow over the wing reaches Mach 1. When wings are swept back, the effective airfoil shape changes, which helps delay airflow separation and reduces wave drag at transonic speeds. This design allows aircraft to operate efficiently at higher speeds, especially in commercial jets and military aircraft where speed is crucial.

The benefit of having a higher critical Mach number is that it enables the aircraft to maintain stable and efficient flight without encountering adverse aerodynamic effects associated with shockwaves that occur at transonic speeds. This feature is particularly important for maintaining performance in high-speed operations.

While other options mention aspects such as maneuverability, drag at lower speeds, and stability in turbulence, they do not directly relate to the fundamental aerodynamic advantage of swept wings regarding speed and efficiency at higher Mach numbers. The primary purpose centers around enhancing performance at higher speeds through effective management of aerodynamic forces.