What is the purpose of flaps on an aircraft's wings?

Flaps on an aircraft's wings serve to increase lift at lower speeds, which is particularly important during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing. When deployed, flaps change the wing's camber, allowing the aircraft to generate more lift without requiring an increase in speed. This is essential for ensuring safe takeoff and landing performance, especially when an aircraft is operating at slower airspeeds. Additionally, the use of flaps enhances overall control of the aircraft during these phases, allowing for more effective maneuvering and stability.

The increased lift helps maintain a safe approach angle and facilitates a shorter landing distance, which is crucial at airfields with shorter runways. Because of these functions, flaps significantly contribute to the safe operation of aircraft during these low-speed scenarios.