What is 'wake turbulence' in aviation?

Wake turbulence refers to the chaotic air currents that are generated by an aircraft as it flies through the atmosphere. Specifically, it is the turbulence that occurs in the wake of the aircraft, particularly behind it. This phenomenon is primarily caused by the vortices created by the wings of the aircraft, which result from the difference in pressure above and below the wings during flight.

When an aircraft passes through the air, it leaves behind swirling air patterns, and these can significantly affect other aircraft that fly through this wake. The most significant concern with wake turbulence arises during takeoff and landing phases, when aircraft are in close proximity to one another. A trailing aircraft encountering this turbulence can experience sudden changes in lift and could become unstable, which poses safety risks.

This understanding highlights the importance of proper spacing between aircraft during operations at airports to mitigate the effects of wake turbulence, ensuring safe flight paths.

The other options mistakenly relate to different concepts. Engine thrust and atmospheric pressure fluctuations do not directly relate to the specific turbulence associated with an aircraft's passage. Wind shear, while also a significant aviation concern, pertains to rapid changes in wind speed and direction, primarily during takeoff and landing, rather than the specific wake effects caused by trailing vortices.