What principle explains how an aerofoil produces lift?

The correct answer, which encompasses the Bernoulli effect and pressure differences, explains how an aerofoil generates lift by illustrating the relationship between the airflow over and under the wing. According to Bernoulli's principle, as the velocity of air increases over the top surface of the aerofoil, the pressure decreases. Conversely, the slower-moving air below the wing maintains a higher pressure. This pressure difference creates an upward force known as lift.

When the wing is at an angle of attack, the shape and tilt (camber) of the aerofoil further enhance this effect by creating different flow patterns and pressure distributions above and below the wing. The combination of these factors results in sufficient lift to support the weight of the aircraft, enabling it to fly.

Understanding this principle is crucial because it underlines the aerodynamics of wing design and performance. It also lays the foundation for comprehending other concepts, such as how changes in speed or angle of attack can affect lift generation.